Evaluation of Stress Moderation Model

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation of Stress Moderation Model. Answer: Introduction: According to Rodrguez-Naranjo Cao, 2016 the gender has a moderating effect on the hopelessness expectations and daily stress in adolescents. The paper also studied the relationship between hopelessness depressions with coping styles. However, the study has some limitations. Firstly, the hierarchical regression analyses showed that boys revealed significant effects on the relationship between hopelessness expectations and daily stress. However, the level of daily stress is more in girls when compared to boys. Secondly, the paper did not address the contributing factors that cause hopelessness depression. Thirdly, the findings of the paper required to mention the strategies in cognitive styles of coping. Fourthly, there is a requirement to generalize the papers findings to sub clinical or clinical depression in adolescents. However, the paper addressed the relationship between the coping styles to daily stress and hopelessness depression in non-clinical adolescent populations. The ter m effect is studied via cross-sectional design. The results showed predictive statistical associations, but there is a need to establish casual links before addressing the associations between stress, coping styles with hopelessness depression and effect of gender on these associations. The socio-cultural aspects of the adolescents are also important to address as it has a great impact on the coping styles related to hopelessness depression (Hsieh et al., 2014). Previous studies showed that the cultural differences affect the coping styles in adolescents in dealing with stress and hopelessness depression. A strong cultural element and individual differences affect the level of stress and coping styles. In the paper by Young Dietrich, 2015 studied the common potential underlying mechanisms in the prediction and development of depression and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, the study also identified the underlying modifiable risk factors that targeted the mental health promotion and intervention strategies. The paper also studied the levels of worry, stress and rumination that predicted anxiety and depression in a six months outcome. A sample of 11 to 15-year-old community-based adolescents was taken for a longitudinal pilot study. The first research gap lies in the sample size. The timeframe for the research was six months and the sample size was small when compared to the time period. Moreover, the time period was also less for the study and the assessment of the adolescent developmental stages. The data collection methods used for the study is the standardized and exclusive methods that are self-reported. The online surveys followed by paper surveys were conducted for assessing the st ressful levels, worry, anxiety and depression in the adolescents. More research is required for the assessment of the stressful life events and its impact on the adolescents. The research is required for assessing the stress role in the development of mental health problems (Thoits, 2013). There is a requirement of confirmation of the findings for the evidence-based recommendations. The nursing and health professionals in the health care systems need to develop intervention strategies that are evidence based and useful in the mitigation of risk factors. There is also a requirement of future longitudinal studies to address the context of the stressful life events experienced during the adolescent life. Ng Hurry, 2011 in their paper addressed the adolescents in Chinese context highlighting the adolescents who experienced stress. It also showed that the stressors in adolescents do not experience depression and is a helpful indicator for the identification of resilience factors. The study confirmed the relationship between stress and depression. The study confirmed the problem solving coping style and major non-productive role in the relationship with stress and depression. However, the study has some research gaps that need to be addressed for assessing the depression among the Hong Kong adolescents. There are many measurement issues that have raised potential questions regarding the measurement of stress in the adolescents. The ET subscale on TAS 20, the self-reported assessment reports by the adolescents that measured the family relationships and its quality. Moreover, the cross-sectional designs for conducting the study was a major drawback and needs further improvement. This kin d of design did not address the causation factors that were required to study the depression in the Hong Kong adolescents. However, this design was useful in studying the established associations, inter-relations that are present between the variables. The explanatory variables showed the degree of inter-relatedness suggesting a complex pattern of the causal connectedness. The experiences of the stressful events showed depressing results for the effective coping methods and emotional awareness raising questions about the factors that are not only protective but also responsive towards the negative outcomes. For assessing this, there is a requirement for studying the longitudinal method for the study in the future. There is also a need to explore the intervention strategies that encourages positive coping styles and practices of problem solving (Carr, 2015). References Carr, A. (2015). The handbook of child and adolescent clinical psychology: A contextual approach. Routledge. Hsieh, H. F., Zimmerman, M. A., Xue, Y., Bauermeister, J. A., Caldwell, C. H., Wang, Z., Hou, Y. (2014). Stress, active coping, and problem behaviors among Chinese adolescents. American journal of orthopsychiatry, 84(4), 364. Ng, C. S., Hurry, J. (2011). Depression amongst Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong: An evaluation of a stress moderation model. Social Indicators Research, 100(3), 499-516. Rodrguez-Naranjo, C., Cao, A. (2016). Daily stress and coping styles in adolescent hopelessness depression: Moderating effects of gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 109-114. Thoits, P. A. (2013). Self, identity, stress, and mental health. In Handbook of the sociology of mental health (pp. 357-377). Springer Netherlands. Young, C. C., Dietrich, M. S. (2015). Stressful life events, worry, and rumination predict depressive and anxiety symptoms in young adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 28(1), 35-42.